What does underproofed bread look like?

Underproofed bread has a dense, tight crumb with small, uneven holes. It may have large blowouts on the sides or bottom where steam escaped. The crust may tear irregularly.

How long should final proof take?

At room temperature (70-75°F), 1-2 hours. In the refrigerator, 8-16 hours. But always judge by the dough, not the clock.

Is it better to underproof or overproof?

Slightly underproofed is generally safer—the bread will still have oven spring and structure. Overproofed bread may collapse and be flat.

Underproofed

Proofing

Underproofed dough has not fermented long enough, resulting in dense bread with a tight crumb and possible blowouts where steam escapes. Recognizing the signs helps you give the dough more time before it goes in the oven.

Try This Right Now

1Give the dough more time—return to proofing for another 30-60 minutes
2Move to a warmer spot to accelerate proofing
3Check for the poke test: dough should spring back slowly when pressed

Detailed Solutions

Extended Proof

Easy

Give the dough more time to develop.

Return dough to banneton if removed
Cover to prevent drying
Proof for additional 30-60 minutes
Perform poke test before baking

Warm Water Bath

Easy

Create a warm environment to speed up proofing.

Fill a large bowl with warm (not hot) water
Place banneton on top of bowl
Cover with plastic or towel
The warmth accelerates fermentation

Why This Happens

Underproofing occurs when the dough has not had enough time or warmth to ferment fully, leaving the yeast with more work to do in the oven. Contributing factors include: Proofing time too short, Kitchen temperature too cool, Weak or sluggish starter, Following recipe times without adjusting for conditions, Impatience or time constraints.

Prevention for Next Time

Learn the poke test: properly proofed dough springs back slowly with a slight indent
Judge by dough behavior, not just time—conditions vary daily
Use a proofing box or warm spot for consistent temperature
Plan your bake around the dough's schedule, not the other way around

Related Issues

Having other problems? Check out these related troubleshooting guides.

Overproofed Dense Crumb No Rise Blowout